The first outsiders to penetrate spanish california were

Description:That group arrived in San Diego on May 4. A German-born Swiss businessman, Sutter arrived in San Francisco in and obtained an enormous grant of 48, acres at the junction of the Sacramento and American Rivers, where he established "New Helvetia," a settlement with a fort, orchards, vineyards, and wheatfields. The main products of these ranchos were cattle hides called California greenbacks and tallow rendered fat for making candles and soap that were traded for other finished goods and merchandise. Cabrillo and his men found that there was essentially nothing for the Spanish to easily exploit in California, and located at the extreme limits of exploration and trade from Spain it would be left essentially unexplored and unsettled for the next years. Britain, as yet, had no Pacific colonies in North America. In practice, nearly all mission property and livestock were taken over by the about large ranchos granted by the governors—mostly to friends and family at low or no cost. They took horses and mules, Texas Longhorn bulls and cows with them.

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